Rock art and mythology in Africa offers a panorama of the great parietal ensembles of the entire continent, divided into four major geographical areas: the Sahara, the West and the Centre, the Horn and East Africa, Southern Africa. They are characterized by varied stylistic choices, ranging from accentuated realism to almost abstract symbolism. Photographs, surveys and drawings testify to their originality. After placing these works in the context of their discovery by the great explorers, the author sets out to decipher their hidden meaning, discarding erroneous readings too easily accepted by tradition and proposing new interpretations. It evokes legendary tales which make it possible to partly elucidate these images and to reconstitute the mythology of a more or less distant past; it also analyzes the myths that these works have in turn aroused within Western culture,